游击队开放访问宣言

      “我同意，”有些人就说了，“但是我们能做什么呢？那些公司握有版权，他们靠限制访问赚取大把的钱，而且这是完全合法的 - 我们没有办法阻止他们。”但有些事我们能做，这些事我们已经在做：我们可以反击。

      那些能够访问这些资源的人 - 学生，图书管理员，科学家 - 你们被赋予了特权。你们能享受到这知识的盛宴，而其他人却被排除在外。但是你们不必 - 事实上，从道义层面来说，你们不能 - 为保留自己保留这份特权。你们有义务和全世界分享它。而且你们已经在做了：和同行们交换密码，回应朋友们的下载请求。

      同时，那些被拒之门外的人们并没有袖手旁观。你们溜过洞穴，翻越围墙，解放那些被出版商封锁的信息并分享给你的朋友们。 

      但所有这些行动都是在黑暗中进行，隐藏于地底。它们被称作偷窃或盗版，仿佛分享大量的知识精神上等同于抢劫一艘船只并谋杀其船员。但是分享绝非不道德的，它是一种道德使命。只有那些利欲熏心的人才会拒绝让朋友复制一份。

      大公司，当然，就是利欲熏心。使它们运转的法律要求使然 - 稍微出点事投资人就得叛乱。它们收买的政治家们支持它们，通过法案让它们拥有专属的权力决定谁可以复制。

      遵从不公正的法律不会带来公正。步入光明的时候到了，在公民不服从的伟大传统下，宣告我们对这种私人盗窃公共文化的反抗。

      我们要夺回信息，无论它们被存在何处，制作我们的副本并和全世界分享。我们要取到版权到期的东西并将它们归档，我们要买下秘密的资料库并将它们放到网上。我们要下载科学期刊并将它们上传到文件分享网络。我们要为游击队开放访问而战。

      只要全世界有足够多的我们，那就不仅是传达了一个反对知识私有化的强有力信号，我们还将让它成为过去。你愿意和我们一起吗？

亚伦·斯沃茨 (Aaron Swartz)

2008 年 7 月，意大利 Eremo

英语原文：

Information is power. But like all power,there are those who want to keep it for themselves. The world's entirescientific and cultural heritage, published over centuries in books andjournals, is increasingly being digitized and locked up by a handful of privatecorporations. Want to read the papers featuring the most famous results of thesciences? You'll need to send enormous amounts to publishers like Reed Elsevier.

There are those struggling to change this.The Open Access Movement has fought valiantly to ensure that scientists do notsign their copyrights away but instead ensure their work is published on theInternet, under terms that allow anyone to access it. But even under the bestscenarios, their work will only apply to things published in the future.Everything up until now will have been lost.

That is too high a price to pay. Forcingacademics to pay money to read the work of their colleagues? Scanning entirelibraries but only allowing the folks at Google to read them? Providingscientific articles to those at elite universities in the First World, but notto children in the Global South? It's outrageous and unacceptable.

"I agree," many say, "butwhat can we do? The companies hold the copyrights, they make enormous amountsof money by charging for access, and it's perfectly legal - there's nothing wecan do to stop them." But there is something we can, something that'salready being done: we can fight back.

Those with access to these resources -students, librarians, scientists - you have been given a privilege. You get tofeed at this banquet of knowledge while the rest of the world is locked out.But you need not - indeed, morally, you cannot - keep this privilege foryourselves. You have a duty to share it with the world. And you have: tradingpasswords with colleagues, filling download requests for friends.

Meanwhile, those who have been locked outare not standing idly by. You have been sneaking through holes and climbingover fences, liberating the information locked up by the publishers and sharingthem with your friends.

But all of this action goes on in the dark,hidden underground. It's called stealing or piracy, as if sharing a wealth ofknowledge were the moral equivalent of plundering a ship and murdering itscrew. But sharing isn't immoral - it's a moral imperative. Only those blindedby greed would refuse to let a friend make a copy.

Large corporations, of course, are blindedby greed. The laws under which they operate require it - their shareholderswould revolt at anything less. And the politicians they have bought off backthem, passing laws giving them the exclusive power to decide who can makecopies.

There is no justice in following unjustlaws. It's time to come into the light and, in the grand tradition of civildisobedience, declare our opposition to this private theft of public culture.

We need to take information, wherever it isstored, make our copies and share them with the world. We need to take stuffthat's out of copyright and add it to the archive. We need to buy secretdatabases and put them on the Web. We need to download scientific journals andupload them to file sharing networks. We need to fight for Guerilla Open Access.

With enough of us, around the world, we'llnot just send a strong message opposing the privatization of knowledge - we'llmake it a thing of the past.Will you join us?

Aaron Swartz

July 2008, Eremo, Italy

作者生平介绍:

      亚伦·希勒尔·斯沃茨（英语：Aaron Hillel Swartz，1986年11月8日——2013年1月11日）是美国电脑程序员、企业家、作家、政治活动者和互联网黑客主义者。他参与开发了RSS消息来源发布格式、Markdown文本发布格式、知识共享组织、web.py网站开发框架，同时是社交媒体Reddit的联合创始人——在他的Infogami和亚历克西斯·瓦尼安及斯蒂文·霍夫曼的公司合并为Not a Bug的时候，由Y Combinator创始人保罗·格雷厄姆授予他创始人头衔。

      他的工作成果也集中在公民意识与行动：2009年，他协助成立了渐进社会变革活动委员会，期以了解有效的互联网运动。2010年，他成为哈佛大学埃德蒙·萨夫拉伦理研究中心的学者，在劳伦斯·莱斯格的领导下进行研究。他曾成立在线群组求进会——因反对禁止网络盗版法案的运动而闻名。

      2011年1月6日，他被麻省理工学院警署以其违反州法非法闯入的罪名逮捕：他把一台电脑连接上麻省理工学院校园网络，放在了一个没有标记、没有上锁的柜子里；透过学院给予的访客账户，大规模系统性地下载JSTOR上的学术期刊。联邦检察官随后对他提起两项网络诈骗和十一项违反《电脑欺诈和滥用法》行为的诉讼——亚伦·斯沃茨将面临合计最高35年的刑期并处100万美元罚金、没收财产、归还失窃物品和监视居住的处罚。

      他拒绝了联邦检察官提议其在联邦监狱服刑6个月的认罪协商，两天后，他被发现死在其于纽约布鲁克林区的公寓内，自缢而死。

      2013年，亚伦·斯沃茨被追授入互联网名人堂。